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Nearly 80 participating engineers and technicians in the audience followed one lecture with very special interest: Prof. Willfried Lori's ' The updated guideline VDI 2230, part 2'.

No wonder: This guideline VDI 2230 contains fundamental calculations, methods and rules for the technical design of bolted joints. The VDI is the German Association of Engineers (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure) and well-recognized for their work in standardization. Being the chairman of the VDI 2230 Prof. Lori gave both competent and first-hand information, as the print-version of the VDI 2230 will be released not until December 2014.

• Part 1 Focuses on the systematic calculation of cylindric single bolt connections (ESV). We ps1 bahasa inggris. • NEW: Part 2 focuses on the systematic calculation of multiple bolt connections (MSV). In this case designers need to idenfify the one bolted joint, which is subjected to the highest stresses. After that this one bolt connection can be calculated according to the definition in part 1. • The updated part 1 also includes a higher level of precision designing of single bolt connections (ESV). The calculations now consider special conditions of relative strength, bending loads and torsion loads of single bolt connections. For this update new insights were used which came from a FEM-calculation (Finite element method).

Menemukan situasi dalam pencapaian tujuan 5. Menegaskan sasaran dalam bentuk perilaku 4. Mengklasifikasikan tujuan-tujuan dan sasaran- sasaran.

The system and process design of FEM calculation in general where updated as well, which are defined in VDI 2230 part 2. • For the first time the VDI 2230 will clearly separate between 'turning' (torquing) and 'pulling' (tensioning) bolting methods.

• The new and extra chapter 5 deals with ' hydraulic, friction- and torsion-free tensioning' with bolt tensioning cylinders. • Thererfore the guideline separates between bolt preload F VM (initial assembly preload, generated by bolt tensioning cylinder and a run-down nut) and assembly preload F M (residual assembly preload after releasing the pressure). • Hydraulic tensioning will also be considered in Table A8, which includes the tightening factors Alpha-A for all major bolting methods. • Alpha-A factor, quote from VDI 2230: “The tightening factor Alpha-A takes into account the scatter of the achievable assembly preload between FMmin and FMmax. It is determined while taking into account the tightening and adjusting techniques and if need be the coefficient of friction classes (Table A5) according to Table A8.”.

The results of the survey among the participants showed the speech of Dipl.-Ing. Ulrich Uphues ' Maintenance Free Bolting Solutions' was well received. Uphues presented the results of a 18-month long-term study of 2.5 MW wind turbine tower bolts and did not forget to implement practical recommendations how to design bolted joints.

The long-term study was based on valid results from the use of the ultra-sonic bolt measurement system (USB-System). Concluding all facts Uphus showed that all measured preloads were above the required minimum target preloads by using IHF Fasteners together with ITH Bolt Tensioning Cylinders. That precision is the reason why maintenance intervals on these bolt connections can be called 'Maintenance free'. Reduced maintenance intervals lead to significant cost reductions - especially on offshore applications.

Nearly 80 participating engineers and technicians in the audience followed one lecture with very special interest: Prof. Willfried Lori's ' The updated guideline VDI 2230, part 2'.

No wonder: This guideline VDI 2230 contains fundamental calculations, methods and rules for the technical design of bolted joints. The VDI is the German Association of Engineers (Verein Deutscher Ingenieure) and well-recognized for their work in standardization. Being the chairman of the VDI 2230 Prof. Lori gave both competent and first-hand information, as the print-version of the VDI 2230 will be released not until December 2014. • Part 1 Focuses on the systematic calculation of cylindric single bolt connections (ESV). • NEW: Part 2 focuses on the systematic calculation of multiple bolt connections (MSV).

In this case designers need to idenfify the one bolted joint, which is subjected to the highest stresses. After that this one bolt connection can be calculated according to the definition in part 1. • The updated part 1 also includes a higher level of precision designing of single bolt connections (ESV). The calculations now consider special conditions of relative strength, bending loads and torsion loads of single bolt connections. For this update new insights were used which came from a FEM-calculation (Finite element method).